Function of a clutch a to permit engagement or disengagement of a gear when the vehicle is stationary and the engine is running b to transmit the engine power to the road wheels smoothly without shock to the transmission system while setting the wheel in motion. These allwheeldrive vehicles need a differential between each set of drive wheels, and they need one between the front and the back wheels as well, because the front wheels travel a different distance through a turn than the rear wheels. Bevel gearboxes are special speed reducers with their shafts lying perpendicular to each other and therefore used mainly in rightangle applications. One of the bevel gears on the wheel shafts can be regarded as a sun gear while the other bevel gear then corresponds in a figurative sense to the ring gear. Thus, a locking mechanism, or limited slip differential allows one wheel to slip or spin freely while some torque is delivered to the other wheel hopefully on dry land. Types of differential and how they work mat foundry group. Jun, 2012 in case of automobiles, the differential has three functions. Pdf design and static analysis of automobile gearbox cover. Prospects of torsen differential in four wheel drive. In turning condition, differential should not be locked. A few comments on fefe3c system c is an interstitial impurity in fe. Therefor a gearbox runs partially filled with lubricant oil. What types of gears used in differentials and gear boxes of.
In one way, it receives one inputand provides two outputs. Research article design and structural analysis of. To transmit the power to the wheels while allowing them to rotate at different speeds this is the one that earned the differential its name. To act as the final gear reduction in the vehicle after the gearbox. Dec 18, 2011 even if you arent a car guy or girl you will probably really like this video. A differential is a gear train with three shafts that has the property that the rotational speed of one shaft is the average of the speeds of the others, or a fixed multiple of that average. Design and static analysis of automobile gearbox cover. Nov 23, 2012 a differential is a device, usually but notnecessarily employing gears, capable oftransmitting torque and rotation throughthree shafts, almost always used in one oftwo ways. Apr, 2014 differential is an arrangement of gears which work together and allow the vehicle to take a turn smoothly. Chassis power plant basic structure frame suspension system axle wheels transmission clutch gear box universal joints and propeller shaft differential front axle and rear axle wheels and tyres controls steering system brake system auxiliaries starting circuit charging circuit lighting circuit horn circuit gauges circuit body functions of various components 1.
In spiral differential the pinion gears contacts the ring gears at its centerline. But, when it comes to weight for light utility vehicles aluminium alloy is preferred. Buy products related to differential gearbox products and see what customers say about differential gearbox products on free delivery possible on eligible purchases. By optimal oil the differential box transmits mechanical energy from a prime mover to an output device. A differential is a device, usually but notnecessarily employing gears, capable oftransmitting torque and rotation throughthree shafts, almost always used in one oftwo ways. In automobiles and other wheeled vehicles, the differential allows each of the driving road wheels to rotate at different speeds, while for most vehicles supplying equal torque to each of them. Well also look at several types of positraction, also known as limited slip differentials. I had developed this work as my semester project with a view to get familiar with the technologies as well as application of theories into practical work done by industries. Differential is an arrangement of gears which work together and allow the vehicle to take a turn smoothly. If one of the wheels attached to a differential decides to hit some ice, for example, it slips and spins with all of the speed the differential has to distribute.
In case of automobiles, the differential has three functions. May 02, 2017 in general, there are two designs of differential gears, hypoid and spiral that are used in automobiles. This is all about what is gearbox and types of gearbox. In this article, youll learn why your car needs a differential, how it works and what its shortcomings are. In automobiles and other wheeled ve hicles, the differential allows each of the driving road wheels to rotate at different speeds, while for most vehicles supplying equal torque to each of them.
Like most things on modern automobiles, the simple piece of gearing known as a differential has seen constant refinement and experimentation leading to a range of types each with their own advantages and disadvantages. On rear wheel drive vehicles, the differential may connect to halfshafts inside an axle housing, or drive shafts that connect to the rear driving wheels. Recent advances in differential drive systems for automobile. Thus, there is relative movement between inner and outer wheel. Oct 25, 2018 differential gear as a special case of a planetary gearbox as already mentioned, a differential gear is a special type of a planetary gearbox. Working of differential gear box for automobile vehicles differential when a four wheeler car takes a turn, the outer wheel turns faster than inner wheel. Hypoid gears are typically found within the differential rear axle of automobiles. Apr 24, 2014 spurgear differential this is another type of differential that was used in some early automobiles, more recently the oldsmobile toronado, as well as other nonautomotive applications. The concept of the differential that is, to allow wheels mounted on the same axle to rotate independently of each other.
A simplifying technical feature of its fourwheeldrive system was that either the rear wheels only, or for better traction all four wheels, could be driven, so that in the absence of permanent fourwheel drive there was no need to incorporate a centre differential in the transfer gearbox. Differentials open, locked, limited slip, edl, quattro. In rearwheel drive cars, the differential converts rotational motion of the transmission shaft which lies parallel to the car s motion to rotational motion of the halfshafts on the ends of which are the wheels, which lie perpendicular to the car s motion. The function of the differential is to permit the relative movement between inner and outer wheels when vehicle negotiates takes. An excellent tutorial from the 1930s on the principles and development of the differential gear. In the differential, bevel pinion gear is fixed to the propeller shaft which rotates the crown wheel. Differential gearbox seminar reportpdf ppt download abstract. Mar 31, 2014 in an gear box, the gear teeth and other moving metal must not touch. When the tractor is moving in a straight line, the differential pinion do not rotate on the stub shaft but are solid with the differential casing. Shot back in 1937, it explains how a differential the part of the car that negotiates.
The final drive is composed of a bevel gear or pinion and crown wheel. This is the reason for a device known as a limited slip differential or traction control. The gear train in an automobile differential is a common application of gears, but often misunderstood by the lay public. Each type of automotive differential explained feature. Hypoid gears are similar to spiral bevel gears except that the shaft center lines do not intersect. Design and analysis of differential gearbox engineers gallery. A spurgear differential has two equalsized spur gears, one for each halfshaft, with a space between them. A brilliant explanation of how a cars differential works.
The gear arrangement allows the translation of torque ninety degrees. The analysis results shows that the composite gears offer improved properties over the conventional metallic gear and these can be used as better alternative for replacing metallic gears for the differential gearbox apllication. I had developed this work as my semester project with a view to get familiar with the technologies as well as application. Materials for automobiles indian institute of technology. It also changes the speed, direction or torque of mechanical energy. Car differential massachusetts institute of technology. Gear types, spur, helical, bevel, rack and pinion, worm. It consists of two bevel gears sun gear and two bevel gears planet gear. It changes speed and torque between engine and driving wheels. To move the vehicle out from the mud there is requirement of differential locking, by which both the rear axles are act as a solid shaft. I simplified it greatly as there may be more than 2. Nicely explained actual working of differential gear box in all cases i. They must be continuously separated by a thin film of lubricant. A front wheel drive car basically doesnt have a normal input shaft, but everything else is the same.
Abstract my project design and analysis of differential gearbox mainly focuses on the mechanical design and analysis of gearbox as transmit the power. Differential gearbox is used when high speed, large power transmission where noise abatement is important. Sekhar, design and analysis of differential gear box used in heavy vehicles, ishitv, 2021 nov, 2015. Front wheel drive vehicles tend to have the pinion on the end of the mainshaft of the gearbox and the differential is enclosed in the same housing as the gearbox. Differential gear, in automotive mechanics, gear arrangement that permits power from the engine to be transmitted to a pair of driving wheels, dividing the force equally between them but permitting them to follow paths of different lengths, as when turning a corner or traversing an uneven road. The crown wheel has another unit called the differential unit. Working of differential gear box for automobile vehicles.
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